As Muslims worldwide prepare to mark the beginning of Ramadan, the holy month of fasting, Catholics are getting ready to observe Lent – 40 days of fasting and reflection leading up to Easter. While these two religious practices differ theologically, they share significant commonalities, providing a valuable opportunity for interfaith dialogue and mutual understanding.

For Muslims, Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam, a sacred time dedicated to fasting from dawn until sunset, enhancing prayers and engaging in charitable acts. Ramadan is more than just abstaining from food and drink, it’s about cultivating self-discipline, spiritual renewal and fostering empathy for the less fortunate.

Likewise, Catholics observing Lent commit to fasting and self-denial as acts of penance and spiritual preparation for Easter. Many traditionally refrain from eating meat on certain days and often forgo personal luxuries. Both traditions emphasise self-restraint, making this a time for introspection and moral growth.

Prayer is a central aspect of both Ramadan and Lent. Muslims devote more time to prayer during Ramadan, including the Taraweeh prayers, during which long passages of the Qur’an are recited. One of the most significant moments during Ramadan is Laylat al-Qadr (the Night of Power), believed to be the night when the Qur’an was first revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (PBH).

Catholics attend additional Easter festival-specific services such as Stations of the Cross, when they pray in front of 14 different stations each depicting Jesus Christ on the day of his crucifixion. Lent is also a time for reflection, and many use this period to seek repentance, express gratitude and deepen their connection with God.

Charity is another important shared value. In Islam, Zakat (almsgiving) is a fundamental duty, and many Muslims use Ramadan to increase their charitable contributions, help those in need, and perform good deeds. Similarly, Catholics are encouraged to support the poor, donate to charitable causes, and engage in acts of kindness, reflecting Christ’s teachings through their actions.

As people of faith unite in reflection and sacrifice, it is essential to remember those enduring profound suffering—particularly in areas ravaged by conflict, where millions face hardship, displacement and loss. For many, fasting is not a choice but a necessity, driven by scarcity and devastation. As Muslims and Catholics engage in acts of charity and prayer during these sacred periods, it serves as a reminder to advocate for peace, justice and humanitarian aid for those in desperate need. Faith teaches us that our humanity is reflected in our compassion for the oppressed. As we observe Ramadan and Lent, let us hold those who are suffering in our prayers, offer our support and strive for a world where no one has to endure pain in silence.

Given that Ramadan and Lent often overlap, these sacred traditions provide an ideal moment for communities to come together, fostering understanding and solidarity. This period offers a valuable chance to engage with diverse groups, build cultural awareness and trust. Across the UK, interfaith gatherings will bring Muslims and Catholics together to share meals, reflect on their shared values and engage in meaningful dialogue.

We can use this time to recommit to self-improvement, compassion and unity —demonstrating that faith, in its essence, transcends religious boundaries and unites people in the pursuit of peace and social justice.

Dr Javed Bashir is a Senior Lecturer in Policing at Leeds Trinity University.